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　　2022年4月自考00600高级英语真题及答案

　　注意事项:

　　1.本试卷分为两部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为非选择题。

　　2.应考者必须按试题顺序在答题卡(纸)指定位置上作答,答在试卷上无效。

　　3.涂写部分、画图部分必须使用2B铅笔，书写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔。

　　4.全部题目用英文作答(翻译题除外)。

　　I.Eachofthefollowingsentencesisgivenfourchoicesofwordsorexpressions.ChoosetherightonetocompletethesentenceandwritethecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.(15points,1pointforeach)

　　1.ThelightingoftheOlympictorchpeaceandfriendshipamongthenationsoftheworld.

　　A.symbolizes

　　B.epitomizes

　　C.synchronizes

　　D.characterizes

　　2.Thereissomeintheofficeaboutwhothenewdirectorwillbe.

　　A.comprehension

　　B.disappointment

　　C.apprehension

　　D.estrangement

　　3.Weweresoonboredaswehadtolistentothedetailsofhisoperation.

　　A.tentative

　　B.tenacious

　　C.tedious

　　D.tenuous

　　4.Women'svoicesonlyonafewsubjectssuchasbeautycontests,sexworkers,andalltodowiththehome.

　　A.contract

　　B.resume

　　C.supervise

　　D.predominate

　　5.Whencleaningyourhands,remembertoallsurfaces,includingthebacksofyourhands,wrists,betweenyourfingers,andunderyourfingernails.

　　A.sweep

　　B.scrub

　　C.purify

　　D.groom

　　6.Generallyspeaking,largepaintingscanhelpthefeelingofspaceinsmallrooms.

　　A.raise

　　B.enhance

　　C.deepen

　　D.increase

　　7.Alicedidnotlookafterhim,butslowlywoundalongthecountryroaddowntothesouth.

　　A.distorted

　　B.twined

　　C.deformed

　　D.crooked

　　8.Therejectionofsuchinitiativesisindicatingthatvotersareunconcernedabouttheenvironment.

　　A.inthemeansof

　　B.bymeansof

　　C.beyondyourmeans

　　D.bynomeans

　　9.Theworryingtrendofyouthsmokinghastobehalted.Otherwise,manychildrenwillit.

　　A.fallvictimto

　　B.becreditedwith

　　C.takeadvantageof

　　D.beexhaustedfrom

　　10.Byclosingtheinfectedfarmswe'rehopingtothediseasetothenorthoftheregion.

　　A.limit

　　B.localize

　　C.confine

　　D.encircle

　　11.Johnisaveryprivateperson-formostofthetime,he,himself.

　　A.keepsto

　　B.keepsfrom

　　C.keepsupwith

　　D.keepsdownto

　　12.Smithcarefullytheloosehairsfromtheshouldersofhisjacket.

　　A.plucked

　　B.flicked

　　C.wrested

　　D.dragged

　　13.Thenewlypublishedbookbearssomestrikingtolastyear'sbestseller.

　　A.identity

　　B.superiority

　　C.similarity

　　D.uniformity

　　14.Ifanyofthesesymptomswhileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.

　　A.occur

　　B.happen

　　C.concur

　　D.heighten

　　15.Thecarcomesinaofcolors,whichisnotgoodnewsforcustomerswhohavedifficultiesinmakingdecisions.

　　A.pyramid

　　B.pygmy

　　C.mystique

　　D.myriad

　　ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandcompletethesucceedingthreeitemsII,II,IV.

　　(1)Theconfidencepeopleplaceinscienceisfrequentlybasednotonwhatitreallyis,butonwhatpeoplewouldlikeittobe.WhenIaskedstudentsatthebeginningoftheyearhowtheywoulddefinescience,manyofthemrepliedthatitisanobjectivewayofdiscoveringcertaintiesabouttheworld.Butsciencecannotprovidecertainties.Forexample,amajorityofAmericanstrustscienceaslongasitdoesnotchallengetheirexistingbeliefs.Tothequestion“Whensciencedisagreeswiththeteachingsofyourreligion,whichonedoyoubelieve?,"58percentofNorthAmericansfavorreligion;33percentscience;and6percentsay“itdepends."

　　(2)Butdoubtinscienceisafeature,notabug.Indeed,theparadoxisthatscience,whenproperlyfunctioning,questionsacceptedfactsandyieldsbothnewknowledgeandnewquestions-notcertainty.Doubtdoesnotcreatetrust,nordoesithelppublicunderstanding.Sowhyshouldpeopletrustaprocessthatseemstorequireatroublesome.stateofuncertaintywithoutalwaysprovidingsolidsolutions?

　　(3)Asahistorianofscience,Iwouldarguethatit'stheresponsibilityofscientistsandhistoriansofsciencetoshowthattherealpowerofscienceliespreciselyinwhatisoftenperceivedasitsweakness:itsdrivetoquestionandchallengeahypothesis.Indeed,thescientificapproachrequireschangingourunderstandingofthenaturalworldwhenevernewevidenceemergesfromeitherexperimentationorobservation.Scientificfindingsarehypothesesthatencompassthestateofknowledgeatagivenmoment.Inthelongrun,manyofthemarechallengedandevenoverturned.Doubtmightbetroubling,butitimpelsustowardsabetterunderstanding;certainties,asreassuringastheymayseem,infactunderminethescientificprocess.

　　(4)Scientistsunderstandthis,butinthedynamicbetweenthepublicandscience,therearetwosignificantpitfalls.

　　(5)Thefirstisaformofblindscientism-thatis,abeliefinthecapacityofsciencetosolveallproblems.Thepopularnarrativeofscienceislinear,embodiedbyheroicresearcherswhoworkselflesslyforthegoodofhumanity.Indeed,somescientistspromotethisattractivepublicimageoftheirwork.Butthisnarrativeignorestheubiquityofcontroversy,conflictanderrorattheveryheartofthescientificworld.Suchanidealizedrepresentationtendstoturmscienceintoanunquestionablesetofbeliefs.Infact,however,thepowerofscienceliespreciselyinitscapacitytogeneratediscussionandevendiscord.

　　(6)Thesecondpifallisaformofrelativismborneoutofalackofconfidenceintheveryexistenceoftruth.Itdevelopswhenscienceisdivorcedfrommethodandviewedasjustanotherclaiminthemarketplaceofideas.APewResearchstudyshowsthat35percentofAmericansthinkthescientificmethodcanbeusedtoproduce“anyresultaresearcherwants."Oncethescientificapproachhasbeendelegitimized,thenallhypotheses,includingthemostoutlandishandirrationalones,canbetakenascredible.So,hiddeninthisconceitofademocratic“marketplaceofideas"isaparticularlyvirulentformofrelativismthatapproachesnihilism.

　　(7)Suchexamplesofrelativismaboutissuesincludingclimatechangeand,mostrecently,theCOVID-19pandemic-havesignificantlycontributedtotheproliferationoffakenewsandconspiracytheories.ThediffusionoffakenewsisfacilitatedbythedifficultyofalargemajorityofAmericansindistinguishingbetweenfactandopinion.Factualnewscanbeprovedordisprovedbyobjectiveevidence,whileopinionisanexpressionofthebeliefsandvaluesofthespeaker.

　　(8)Inanefforttocombatmisinformation,scientistsmayovercompensatebyacceleratingtheirresearch.orpublicizingtheirfindingsprematurely.Thiscanspurdialogueaboutscience,butwithserioussideeffects.Thescientificprocessitselfhasbeencalledintoquestionduringthepandemicincaseswheretheveryinstitutionsandpeerreviewprocessthatweresupposedtocheckscientificresultsfailedtodetectscams.

　　(9)Sohowtoregainpublictrustinsciencewhenthepublicislookingforcertaintiesandwhenthosewhoaresupposedtoimpersonatedoubtseemtobefickleordogmatic?Amorerealisticunderstandingofhowscienceworkscancontributetoabettercomprehensionofthedecisiveroleofdoubtandskepticisminthescientificprocess.Indeed,scienceisnotalinearpathleadingfromonesuccesstoanother,butratheraconstantrevaluationofhypotheses.Failuresarepartofthescientificprocessandshouldbetaughtalongwithsuccesses.

　　(10)Itis,therefore,notsomuchthecontentofscientificdiscoveriesthatshouldbehighlighted,buttheunderstandingofthescientificprocessitselfthatmustbeenhanced.Nooneexpectsthepublicatlargetofullyunderstandalldiscoveriesorto.beabletoarbitratebetweenpossibletreatments.Butwhatmustbereaffirmedisthatinscience,doubtisnotavulnerabilitybutastrength.Thescientificapproachoftenleadstodeadends,butsometimesitleadstofundamentaldiscoveriesthatnootherapproachhaseverachieved.

　　II.Inthissection,therearetenincompletestatementsorquestions,followedbyfourchocesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandwritethecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.(20points,2pointsforeach)

　　16.MostAmericansbelieveinsciencewhen

　　A.ittellsthemthetruthsoftheworld

　　B.itgivesthemtheconfidencetheyneed

　　C.itisconsistentwiththeirexistingbeliefs

　　D.itconfirmstheircertaintiesabouttheworld

　　17.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph3?

　　A.Historiansaretofindtheweaknessofscience.

　　B.Scientificfindingsareinfrequentlychallenged.

　　C.Uncertaintiespreventsciencefromprogressing.

　　D.Doubtfostersabetterunderstandingoftheworld.

　　18.InParagraph5,theword“ubiquity"means

　　A.beingpresenteverywhere

　　B.thedistinctcharacter

　　C.beingthespecificone

　　D.theinherentquality

　　19.AccordingtoParagraph5,theauthortendstoagreethat

　　A.researchersareusuallyselflessheroes

　　B.weshouldnotholdfirmbeliefinscience

　　C.thereshouldbenoerrorinscientificwork

　　D.scienceneedsdiscussionanddisagreement

　　20.InParagraph6,theword“divorced"means.

　　A.derived

　　B.prevented

　　C.separated

　　D.generated

　　21.ThestudymentionedinParagraph6showsthatsomeAmericansbelievethat

　　A.manyseeminglyoutlandishhypothesesareactuallycredible

　　B.theso-callednihilismispracticallyavariedformofrelativism

　　C.scholarscanmanipulatethescientificmethodtoyielddesiredresults

　　D.ademocraticmarketplaceofideasisusuallyhiddenbehindrelativism

　　22.InParagraph9,theword“fickle”means

　　A.sensitive

　　B.changingfrequently

　　C.innovative

　　D.notcaringaboutothers

　　23.Inwhichofthefollowingmightthispassagemostlikelyappear?

　　A.Ajournal.

　　B.Acircular.

　　C.Ananthology.

　　D.Abrochure.

　　24.Whatistheauthor'stoneinwritingthispassage?

　　A.Sarcastic.

　　B.Objective.

　　C.Passionate.

　　D.Humorous.

　　25.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?

　　A.WhatBlindScientismIs

　　B.TheImportanceofScience

　　C.ScienceVersusReligion

　　D.DoubtIsEssentialtoScience

　　III.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandwritethetranslationonyourAnswerSheet.(10points,2pointsforeach)

　　26.Sowhyshouldpeopletrustaprocessthatseemstorequireatroublesomestateofuncertaintywithoutalwaysprovidingsolidsolutions?

　　27.Scientistsunderstandthis,butinthedynamicbetweenthepublicandscience,therearetwosignificantpitfalls.

　　28.ThediffusionoffakenewsisfaciltatedbythedificultyofalargemajorityofAmericansindistinguishingbetweenfactandopinion.

　　29.Inanefforttocombatmisinformation,scientistsmayovercompensatebyacceleratingtheirresearch,orpublicizingtheirfindingsprematurely.

　　30.Nooneexpectsthepublicatlargetofullyunderstandalldiscoveriesortobeabletoarbitratebetweenpossibletreatments.

　　IV.AnswerthefollowingessayquestioninEnglishwithin80-100words.WriteyouransweronyourAnswerSheet.(10points)

　　31.Howdoesscienceinfluenceyourlife?

　　V.Thefollowingparagraphsaretakenfromthetextbooks,followedbyalistofwordsorexpressionsmarkedAtoY.ChoosetheonethatbestcompleteseachofthesentencesandwritethecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.Onewordorexpressionforeachblankonly.(25points,1pointforeach)

　　SheappealedtomebecauseshewaslikepeopleIhadmetpersonally.LikewomeninEnglishnovelswhowalkedthemoors(whatevertheywere)withtheirdogsracingatarespectfuldistance.Likethewomenwhosatinfrontoffireplaces,drinkingteafromsilvertraysfullofsconesandcrumpets.Womenwhowalkedoverthe“heath"andreadmorocco-boundbooksandhadtwolastnamesbyahyphen.

　　Toshareabedroomwithoneofthesefellowsistoloseone'sinhumannature,for,evenafterthemostday,thereisnocomparingnotesthem,nomidnightconfidence,nocastingupthebalanceoftheday'spleasureandpain.

　　They，atonce,intostupid,heavyslumber,leavingyoutoyourownmentaldevices.Andtheyallsnore!

　　TheseniorpartnerstudiedtheresumeforthetimeandagainfoundnothingheaboutMitchellY.McDeere,atleastnotonpaper.Hehadthebrains,theambition,thegoodlooks.Andhewashungry;withhisbackground,hehadtobe.Hewasmarried,andthatwas.Thefimalsofrownedondivorce,aswellasanddrinking.

　　Attheverytop,ofcourse,arethosepeople,mostlyyoungandwithout,towhomthecompanyisnotaninstitutionofanysacredmeritbutstillonlyaplacetowork，andwhotheirpresentassociationwithitassomethingIputthesepeopleatthetopbecauseifyouaskedanyoneofthemifhewouldchoosetospendtherestofhislifeworkingforthecompany,hewouldgiveyouaNo!,regardlessofwhatinducementswereoffered.

　　Thereisadifference_52myschoolingandthewisdomofthestreetIknowthelifeofablackmaninWattsis_54thanafederalpovertyprogram.Ifthereisnofuturefortheblackghetto,thefutureofallNegroesisWhataffectsit,affectsme,forIamachildoftheghetto.WhentheydoittoWatts,theydoittome,too.I'llneverescapefromtheghetto.Ihavemyallonitsfuture.Wattsismyhome.

　　A.with

　　B.dependents

　　C.diminished

　　D.eventful

　　E.resounding

　　F.incessantly

　　G.heavily

　　H.between

　　I.never

　　J.hundredth

　　K.abominably

　　L.yet

　　M.faith

　　N.corner

　　O.divided

　　P.regard

　　Q.loyal

　　R.disliked

　　S.womanizing

　　T.larger

　　U.staked

　　V.mandatoryW.sink

　　X.temporary

　　Y.roaring

　　VI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishandwritethetranslationonyourAnswerSheet.(20points,2pointseachfor57-60,4pointsfor61,8pointsfor62)

　　57.它注定是失败的，每一本书都是失败的，但我确实清楚地知道我想写什么样的书。58.多年来，我一直搞不清楚蔬菜到底出了什么问题。我当然知道，大多数蔬菜要想享用它们最鲜美的味道，必须新鲜采摘并且立即烹调。

　　59.对于这些产品领先者来说，竞争并非有关产品价格或客户服务(尽管它们不能被忽视)，而是有关产品性能。

　　60.晚年生活中获得满足乃至成就的潜能是真实存在而未被充分开发的。大体上，老年人都是在一个冷漠的世界里挣扎着生存。

　　61.你杀死了你的敌人，而当他死了，你的职业便不复存在，你从胜利中获得的满足感也会很快消退。另一方面，建设的工作一旦完成，会想起来就愉悦，而且永远不会因为彻底完成而没有更进一步去做的余地。

　　62.当这个富裕国家没有孩子饿着肚子上床睡觉时，我可能准备回去教书。当每个孩子都有一所好学校时，我可能就准备好了。当我们不再把财富花在杀人的硬件上，当我们不再容忍对少数族裔的偏见，当反对不公平住房和不公平就业行为的法律得以实施而不是被逃避时，那么在政治上我可能就没有更多可做的了。　　

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